Comprehensive Physiology Wiley Online Library

Renal Micropuncture Techniques

Full Article on Wiley Online Library



Abstract

The sections in this article are:

1 Animal Subjects
2 Equipment, Tools
2.1 Dissecting Microscopes
2.2 Compound Microscopes
2.3 Pipette Pullers and Grinders
2.4 Capillary Glass, Micropipettes
2.5 Syringes, Tubing
2.6 Micromanipulators
2.7 Microperfusion Pumps
2.8 Infusion Pumps
2.9 Heated Micropuncture Tables
2.10 Pressure Transducers
2.11 Specialized Surgical Equipment
2.12 Scintillation Counters
2.13 Voltmeters
2.14 Electrodes
2.15 Recorders
2.16 Oil and Wax Blocks
2.17 Wax Injection Apparatus
2.18 Timers
3 In Vivo Micropuncture: Functional Assessment of Individual Nephron Segments
3.1 Anesthesia and Surgery
3.2 Evaluation of Kidney before Micropuncture
3.3 Micropipette Placement
3.4 Identification of Accessible Cortical Tubules and Vessels
3.5 Identification of Papillary Structures
3.6 Measurement of Distance to Puncture Site and Length of Perfused Tubule
3.7 Determination of Filtration and Transport Rates
3.8 Determination of Blood Constituents
3.9 Measurement of Capillary and Tubule Pressure
3.10 Potential Problems
4 Micropuncture in Nonstandard Preparations
5 Microanalytical Techniques
5.1 Volume
5.2 Inulin
5.3 Protein
5.4 Urea
5.5 Osmolality
5.6 Metal Cations
5.7 Halide Anions
5.8 Ammonia
5.9 Carbon Dioxide and Bicarbonate
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Heino Velazquez, Fred S. Wright. Renal Micropuncture Techniques. Compr Physiol 2011, Supplement 25: Handbook of Physiology, Renal Physiology: 249-269. First published in print 1992. doi: 10.1002/cphy.cp080106