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Internal Organization of the Motor Cortex for Input‐Output Arrangements

R. Porter

10.1002/cphy.cp010222

Source: Supplement 2: Handbook of Physiology, The Nervous System, Motor Control

Originally published: 1981

Published online: January 2011

Full Article on Wiley Online Library



Abstract

The sections in this article are:

1 Overview
2 Arrangement of Cells in Motor Cortex
2.1 Input of Thalamic Afferents to Cortex
2.2 Stratification of Output Elements
2.3 Output Cells With Separate Axonal Destinations
2.4 Complex Local Interactions Affecting Output Cells
2.5 Dynamic Input‐Output Relations for Individual Output Elements
3 Electrical Stimulation Studies in Motor Cortex
3.1 Cortical Distribution of Output Elements
3.2 Contributions of Different Output Elements to Response Produced
4 Influences of Natural Activation of Peripheral Receptors
4.1 Projection From Peripheral Afferents to Motor Cortex
4.2 Relation Between Afferent Input Zone and Motor Effect Field
4.3 Influence of Peripheral Afferent Input to Individual Cortical Elements
4.4 Input from Peripheral Receptors to Pyramidal Tract Neurons
5 Pathways for Afferent Projections
5.1 Thalamic Relay for Inputs to Motor Cortex
6 Modification of Cortical Responses to Peripheral Stimuli
7 Summary
Figure 1.

Diagram of basic circuitry of neocortex. Outlined areas, monosynaptic target cells of specific afferent or other thalamic inputs. Lightly stippled, assumed second‐order excitatory cells. Shaded areas, putative inhibitory interneurons that could be activated monosynaptically by specific sensory afferents (spec. sens. aff.). Darkly stippled, other inhibitory interneurons, either later order relative to specific sensory input, or directly contacted by corticocortical afferents (corticocortic. aff.). Extents of axon arborizations in different dimensions are indicated by number (microns).

From Szentágothai 102
Figure 2.

Simplified schematic diagram showing lamination of efferent pyramidal cells with axonal destinations in different situations. Distributions of neuron sizes in area 4 indicated in parentheses (mean ± SD).

Data from Jones and Wise 49 and Jones et al. 48


Figure 1.

Diagram of basic circuitry of neocortex. Outlined areas, monosynaptic target cells of specific afferent or other thalamic inputs. Lightly stippled, assumed second‐order excitatory cells. Shaded areas, putative inhibitory interneurons that could be activated monosynaptically by specific sensory afferents (spec. sens. aff.). Darkly stippled, other inhibitory interneurons, either later order relative to specific sensory input, or directly contacted by corticocortical afferents (corticocortic. aff.). Extents of axon arborizations in different dimensions are indicated by number (microns).

From Szentágothai 102


Figure 2.

Simplified schematic diagram showing lamination of efferent pyramidal cells with axonal destinations in different situations. Distributions of neuron sizes in area 4 indicated in parentheses (mean ± SD).

Data from Jones and Wise 49 and Jones et al. 48
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Article Title: Internal Organization of the Motor Cortex for Input‐Output Arrangements
 

How to Cite

R. Porter. Internal Organization of the Motor Cortex for Input‐Output Arrangements. Compr Physiol 2011, Supplement 2: Handbook of Physiology, The Nervous System, Motor Control: 1063-1081. First published in print 1981. doi: 10.1002/cphy.cp010222