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Identification of Physiological Function of Gut Peptides

Gabriel M. Makhlouf, John R. Grider, Mitchell L. Schubert

10.1002/cphy.cp060207

Source: Supplement 17: Handbook of Physiology, The Gastrointestinal System, Neural and Endocrine Biology

Originally published: 1989

Published online: January 2011

Full Article on Wiley Online Library



Abstract

The sections in this article are:

1 Identification of Hormones
1.1 Criteria
1.2 Selective Ablation
1.3 Mimicry
1.4 Use of Specific Antisera and Selective Antagonists
2 Identification of Paracrine Peptides
2.1 Criteria
2.2 Antral Somatostatin: Paracrine Regulator of Antral Gastrin Secretion
2.3 Fundic Somatostatin: Paracrine Regulator of Acid Secretion
3 Identification of Peptide Neurotransmitters
3.1 Criteria
3.2 Topography of Peptide‐Containing Neurons
3.3 Properties of Neuropeptides of the Gut
3.4 Identification of Neurotransmitter Function
Figure 1. Figure 1.

Gastrin secretion in response to addition of somatostatin (SS) antiserum or control serum to vascular perfusate of isolated rat stomach.

From Saffouri et al. 52
Figure 2. Figure 2.

Model describing regulation of gastrin secretion by intramural (postganglionic) cholinergic and noncholinergic [bombesin (BOM) or gastrin‐releasing peptide (GRP)] neurons. Somatostatin (SS) cell is shown structurally and functionally coupled to gastrin cell. Activation of cholinergic neurons inhibits basal SS secretion, freeing gastrin cell from restraint exerted by SS and priming it for direct stimulation by bombesin neuron. ACH, acetylcholine.

From DuVal et al. 20
Figure 3. Figure 3.

Inhibition of descending relaxation component of intestinal peristaltic reflex in isolated rat colon by preincubation with vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) antiserum or with COOH‐terminal partial sequence of VIP that acts as selective antagonist of VIP effect.

Data from Grider and Maklouf 27,29
Figure 4. Figure 4.

Model describing intramural neural pathways involved in stretch‐induced intestinal peristaltic reflex. Cholinergic interneurons coupled to vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) motoneurons of myenteric plexus regulate descending relaxation; cholinergic interneurons coupled to cholinergic (moderate‐stretch) and tachykinin (high‐stretch) neurons regulate ascending contraction. Sensory neuron (a); cholinergic interneurons (b). ACH, acetylcholine; SP, substance P.

Data from Grider and Makhlouf 27,32


Figure 1.

Gastrin secretion in response to addition of somatostatin (SS) antiserum or control serum to vascular perfusate of isolated rat stomach.

From Saffouri et al. 52


Figure 2.

Model describing regulation of gastrin secretion by intramural (postganglionic) cholinergic and noncholinergic [bombesin (BOM) or gastrin‐releasing peptide (GRP)] neurons. Somatostatin (SS) cell is shown structurally and functionally coupled to gastrin cell. Activation of cholinergic neurons inhibits basal SS secretion, freeing gastrin cell from restraint exerted by SS and priming it for direct stimulation by bombesin neuron. ACH, acetylcholine.

From DuVal et al. 20


Figure 3.

Inhibition of descending relaxation component of intestinal peristaltic reflex in isolated rat colon by preincubation with vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) antiserum or with COOH‐terminal partial sequence of VIP that acts as selective antagonist of VIP effect.

Data from Grider and Maklouf 27,29


Figure 4.

Model describing intramural neural pathways involved in stretch‐induced intestinal peristaltic reflex. Cholinergic interneurons coupled to vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) motoneurons of myenteric plexus regulate descending relaxation; cholinergic interneurons coupled to cholinergic (moderate‐stretch) and tachykinin (high‐stretch) neurons regulate ascending contraction. Sensory neuron (a); cholinergic interneurons (b). ACH, acetylcholine; SP, substance P.

Data from Grider and Makhlouf 27,32
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Article Title: Identification of Physiological Function of Gut Peptides
 

How to Cite

Gabriel M. Makhlouf, John R. Grider, Mitchell L. Schubert. Identification of Physiological Function of Gut Peptides. Compr Physiol 2011, Supplement 17: Handbook of Physiology, The Gastrointestinal System, Neural and Endocrine Biology: 123-131. First published in print 1989. doi: 10.1002/cphy.cp060207