Comprehensive Physiology Wiley Online Library

Immune and Inflammatory Role in Renal Disease

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Abstract

Chronic and acute renal diseases, irrespective of the initiating cause, have inflammation and immune system activation as a common underlying mechanism. The purpose of this review is to provide a broad overview of immune cells and inflammatory proteins that contribute to the pathogenesis of renal disease, and to discuss some of the physiological changes that occur in the kidney as a result of immune system activation. An overview of common forms of acute and chronic renal disease is provided, followed by a discussion of common therapies that have anti‐inflammatory or immunosuppressive effects in the treatment of renal disease. © 2013 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 3:957‐976, 2013.

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Figure 1. Figure 1.

Immune system activation and inflammation have a central role in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Figure 2. Figure 2.

Immune system components and proteins implicated in the pathogenesis of renal disease. The overlap represents components involved in cross‐talk between innate and adaptive immunity.

Figure 3. Figure 3.

Schematic of inflammatory events involved in the progression of diabetic nephropathy.

Figure 4. Figure 4.

Schematic of contribution of T cells and cytokines in hypertension.

Figure 5. Figure 5.

Schematic of inflammatory events involved in the progression of renal disease.



Figure 1.

Immune system activation and inflammation have a central role in the pathogenesis of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD).



Figure 2.

Immune system components and proteins implicated in the pathogenesis of renal disease. The overlap represents components involved in cross‐talk between innate and adaptive immunity.



Figure 3.

Schematic of inflammatory events involved in the progression of diabetic nephropathy.



Figure 4.

Schematic of contribution of T cells and cytokines in hypertension.



Figure 5.

Schematic of inflammatory events involved in the progression of renal disease.

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John D. Imig, Michael J. Ryan. Immune and Inflammatory Role in Renal Disease. Compr Physiol 2013, 3: 957-976. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c120028