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Beta‐Cell Ion Channels and Their Role in Regulating Insulin Secretion

Benjamin Thompson, Leslie S. Satin

10.1002/cphy.c210004

Source: Volume 11, Issue 4, October 2021

Published online: October 2021

Full Article on Wiley Online Library



Abstract

Beta cells of the pancreatic islet express many different types of ion channels. These channels reside in the β‐cell plasma membrane as well as subcellular organelles and their coordinated activity and sensitivity to metabolism regulate glucose‐dependent insulin secretion. Here, we review the molecular nature, expression patterns, and functional roles of many β‐cell channels, with an eye toward explaining the ionic basis of glucose‐induced insulin secretion. Our primary focus is on KATP and voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels as these primarily regulate insulin secretion; other channels in our view primarily help to sculpt the electrical patterns generated by activated β‐cells or indirectly regulate metabolism. Lastly, we discuss why understanding the physiological roles played by ion channels is important for understanding the secretory defects that occur in type 2 diabetes. © 2021 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 11:2525‐2545, 2021.

Figure 1. Figure 1. Shows a simulation performed using the Integrated Oscillator Model [IOM; 20] of β‐cell bursting in the steady state (e.g. in 11 mM glucose) to show the respective contributions of voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels (ICa), voltage‐dependent K+ channels (IK), slow Ca2+‐activated K+ channels (IK(Ca)) and ATP‐sensitive K+ channels (IK(ATP)) to slow (A) versus fast (B) bursting electrical activity (Vm). Simulations were performed by Dr. Isabella Marinelli, to whom we are grateful.


Figure 1. Shows a simulation performed using the Integrated Oscillator Model [IOM; 20] of β‐cell bursting in the steady state (e.g. in 11 mM glucose) to show the respective contributions of voltage‐gated Ca2+ channels (ICa), voltage‐dependent K+ channels (IK), slow Ca2+‐activated K+ channels (IK(Ca)) and ATP‐sensitive K+ channels (IK(ATP)) to slow (A) versus fast (B) bursting electrical activity (Vm). Simulations were performed by Dr. Isabella Marinelli, to whom we are grateful.
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Article Title: Beta‐Cell Ion Channels and Their Role in Regulating Insulin Secretion
 

How to Cite

Benjamin Thompson, Leslie S. Satin. Beta‐Cell Ion Channels and Their Role in Regulating Insulin Secretion. Compr Physiol 2021, 11: 1-21. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c210004