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The Regulation of Growth by Insulinlike Growth Factor II

Robert A. Richman

10.1002/cphy.cp070522

Source: Supplement 24: Handbook of Physiology, The Endocrine System, Hormonal Control of Growth

Originally published: 1999

Published online: January 2011

Full Article on Wiley Online Library



Abstract

The sections in this article are:

1 Biochemistry and Physiology of Insulin‐Like Growth Factor II
1.1 Structure of Insulin‐Like Growth Factor II
1.2 Serum Levels of Insulin‐Like Growth Factor II
1.3 Autocrine/Paracrine Effects of Insulin‐Like Growth Factor II
1.4 Receptors for Insulin‐Like Growth Factor II
1.5 Insulin‐Like Growth Factor Receptors and Insulin‐Like Growth Factor II Action
1.6 Insulin‐Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins and Insulin‐Like Growth Factor II Action
1.7 Levels of Insulin‐Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins in the Fetus
2 Role of Insulin‐Like Growth Factor II in Fetal Growth
2.1 Effects of Insulin‐Like Growth Factor II on Specific Fetal Tissues and the Placenta
2.2 Hormonal Regulation of Insulin‐Like Growth Factor II in the Fetus
2.3 Fasting, Placental Insufficiency, and Hypoxia in Fetal Growth Retardation
3 Regulation of Insulin‐Like Growth Factor II Secretion by Growth Hormone During Postnatal Life
3.1 Neonatal Life
3.2 Childhood
4 Insulin‐Like Growth Factor II Gene Expression
4.1 Humans
4.2 Rodents
4.3 Beckwith‐Wiedemann Syndrome
4.4 Tumors
5 Conclusions
Figure 1. Figure 1.

Amino acid sequence of human insulin‐like growth factor II (IGF‐II). The shaded residues correspond to the homologous positions in the insulin amino acid sequence.

Used with permission of the publisher 67
Figure 2. Figure 2.

Amino acid sequence of pro insulin‐like growth factor II (IGF‐II). Domains of A–D of insulinlike growth factor II (IGF‐II) and the E‐domain of pro‐IGF‐II are delineated.

Adapted and used with permission of the publishers 88,414
Figure 3. Figure 3.

Comparison of the Type I and Type II insulin‐like growth factor receptors and the insulin receptor. (M6P, mannose‐6‐phosphate).

Adapted and used with permission of the publisher 65


Figure 1.

Amino acid sequence of human insulin‐like growth factor II (IGF‐II). The shaded residues correspond to the homologous positions in the insulin amino acid sequence.

Used with permission of the publisher 67


Figure 2.

Amino acid sequence of pro insulin‐like growth factor II (IGF‐II). Domains of A–D of insulinlike growth factor II (IGF‐II) and the E‐domain of pro‐IGF‐II are delineated.

Adapted and used with permission of the publishers 88,414


Figure 3.

Comparison of the Type I and Type II insulin‐like growth factor receptors and the insulin receptor. (M6P, mannose‐6‐phosphate).

Adapted and used with permission of the publisher 65
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Article Title: The Regulation of Growth by Insulinlike Growth Factor II
 

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Robert A. Richman. The Regulation of Growth by Insulinlike Growth Factor II. Compr Physiol 2011, Supplement 24: Handbook of Physiology, The Endocrine System, Hormonal Control of Growth: 701-736. First published in print 1999. doi: 10.1002/cphy.cp070522