References |
1. | Aguilera M, Vergara P, Martinez V. Stress and antibiotics alter luminal and wall‐adhered microbiota and enhance the local expression of visceral sensory‐related systems in mice. Neurogastroenterol Motil 25: e515‐e529, 2013. |
2. | Aizawa E, Tsuji H, Asahara T, Takahashi T, Teraishi T, Yoshida S, Ota M, Koga N, Hattori K, Kunugi H. Possible association of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in the gut microbiota of patients with major depressive disorder. J Affect Disord 202: 254‐257, 2016. |
3. | Amaral FA, Sachs D, Costa VV, Fagundes CT, Cisalpino D, Cunha TM, Ferreira SH, Cunha FQ, Silva TA, Nicoli JR, Vieira LQ, Souza DG, Teixeira MM. Commensal microbiota is fundamental for the development of inflammatory pain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105: 2193‐2197, 2008. |
4. | Asano Y, Hiramoto T, Nishino R, Aiba Y, Kimura T, Yoshihara K, Koga Y, Sudo N. Critical role of gut microbiota in the production of biologically active, free catecholamines in the gut lumen of mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 303: G1288‐G1295, 2012. |
5. | Atuma C, Strugala V, Allen A, Holm L. The adherent gastrointestinal mucus gel layer: Thickness and physical state in vivo. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 280: G922‐G929, 2001. |
6. | Bagga D, Reichert JL, Koschutnig K, Aigner CS, Holzer P, Koskinen K, Moissl‐Eichinger C, Schopf V. Probiotics drive gut microbiome triggering emotional brain signatures. Gut Microbes 1‐11, 2018. |
7. | Bailey MT, Dowd SE, Galley JD, Hufnagle AR, Allen RG, Lyte M. Exposure to a social stressor alters the structure of the intestinal microbiota: Implications for stressor‐induced immunomodulation. Brain Behav Immun 25: 397‐407, 2011. |
8. | Bala V, Rajagopal S, Kumar DP, Nalli AD, Mahavadi S, Sanyal AJ, Grider JR, Murthy KS. Release of GLP‐1 and PYY in response to the activation of G protein‐coupled bile acid receptor TGR5 is mediated by Epac/PLC‐epsilon pathway and modulated by endogenous H2S. Front Physiol 5: 420, 2014. |
9. | Barajon I, Serrao G, Arnaboldi F, Opizzi E, Ripamonti G, Balsari A, Rumio C. Toll‐like receptors 3, 4, and 7 are expressed in the enteric nervous system and dorsal root ganglia. J Histochem Cytochem 57: 1013‐1023, 2009. |
10. | Barrett E, Ross RP, O'Toole PW, Fitzgerald GF, Stanton C. gamma‐Aminobutyric acid production by culturable bacteria from the human intestine. J Appl Microbiol 113: 411‐417, 2012. |
11. | Beaumont W. Experiments and Observations on the Gastric Juice, and the Physiology of Digestion. Plattsburgh: F.P. Allen, 1833, p. 280 p. |
12. | Benakis C, Brea D, Caballero S, Faraco G, Moore J, Murphy M, Sita G, Racchumi G, Ling L, Pamer EG, Iadecola C, Anrather J. Commensal microbiota affects ischemic stroke outcome by regulating intestinal gammadelta T cells. Nat Med 22: 516‐523, 2016. |
13. | Bercik P, Park AJ, Sinclair D, Khoshdel A, Lu J, Huang X, Deng Y, Blennerhassett PA, Fahnestock M, Moine D, Berger B, Huizinga JD, Kunze W, McLean PG, Bergonzelli GE, Collins SM, Verdu EF. The anxiolytic effect of Bifidobacterium longum NCC3001 involves vagal pathways for gut‐brain communication. Neurogastroenterol Motil 23: 1132‐1139, 2011. |
14. | Berer K, Gerdes LA, Cekanaviciute E, Jia X, Xiao L, Xia Z, Liu C, Klotz L, Stauffer U, Baranzini SE, Kumpfel T, Hohlfeld R, Krishnamoorthy G, Wekerle H. Gut microbiota from multiple sclerosis patients enables spontaneous autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 114: 10719‐10724, 2017. |
15. | Berer K, Mues M, Koutrolos M, Rasbi ZA, Boziki M, Johner C, Wekerle H, Krishnamoorthy G. Commensal microbiota and myelin autoantigen cooperate to trigger autoimmune demyelination. Nature 479: 538‐541, 2011. |
16. | Boets E, Gomand SV, Deroover L, Preston T, Vermeulen K, De Preter V, Hamer HM, Van den Mooter G, De Vuyst L, Courtin CM, Annaert P, Delcour JA, Verbeke KA. Systemic availability and metabolism of colonic‐derived short‐chain fatty acids in healthy subjects: A stable isotope study. J Physiol 595: 541‐555, 2017. |
17. | Bogunovic M, Dave SH, Tilstra JS, Chang DT, Harpaz N, Xiong H, Mayer LF, Plevy SE. Enteroendocrine cells express functional Toll‐like receptors. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 292: G1770‐G1783, 2007. |
18. | Bohorquez DV, Liddle RA. The gut connectome: Making sense of what you eat. J Clin Invest 125: 888‐890, 2015. |
19. | Bohorquez DV, Shahid RA, Erdmann A, Kreger AM, Wang Y, Calakos N, Wang F, Liddle RA. Neuroepithelial circuit formed by innervation of sensory enteroendocrine cells. J Clin Invest 125: 782‐786, 2015. |
20. | Borgo F, Riva A, Benetti A, Casiraghi MC, Bertelli S, Garbossa S, Anselmetti S, Scarone S, Pontiroli AE, Morace G, Borghi E. Microbiota in anorexia nervosa: The triangle between bacterial species, metabolites and psychological tests. PLoS One 12: e0179739, 2017. |
21. | Braniste V, Al‐Asmakh M, Kowal C, Anuar F, Abbaspour A, Toth M, Korecka A, Bakocevic N, Ng LG, Kundu P, Gulyas B, Halldin C, Hultenby K, Nilsson H, Hebert H, Volpe BT, Diamond B, Pettersson S. The gut microbiota influences blood‐brain barrier permeability in mice. Sci Transl Med 6: 263ra158, 2014. |
22. | Bravo JA, Forsythe P, Chew MV, Escaravage E, Savignac HM, Dinan TG, Bienenstock J, Cryan JF. Ingestion of Lactobacillus strain regulates emotional behavior and central GABA receptor expression in a mouse via the vagus nerve. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108: 16050‐16055, 2011. |
23. | Broglio F, Papotti M, Muccioli G, Ghigo E. Brain‐gut communication: Cortistatin, somatostatin and ghrelin. Trends Endocrinol Metab 18: 246‐251, 2007. |
24. | Brown AJ, Goldsworthy SM, Barnes AA, Eilert MM, Tcheang L, Daniels D, Muir AI, Wigglesworth MJ, Kinghorn I, Fraser NJ, Pike NB, Strum JC, Steplewski KM, Murdock PR, Holder JC, Marshall FH, Szekeres PG, Wilson S, Ignar DM, Foord SM, Wise A, Dowell SJ. The Orphan G protein‐coupled receptors GPR41 and GPR43 are activated by propionate and other short chain carboxylic acids. J Biol Chem 278: 11312‐11319, 2003. |
25. | Brun P, Giron MC, Qesari M, Porzionato A, Caputi V, Zoppellaro C, Banzato S, Grillo AR, Spagnol L, De Caro R, Pizzuti D, Barbieri V, Rosato A, Sturniolo GC, Martines D, Zaninotto G, Palu G, Castagliuolo I. Toll‐like receptor 2 regulates intestinal inflammation by controlling integrity of the enteric nervous system. Gastroenterology 145: 1323‐1333, 2013. |
26. | Cani PD, Lecourt E, Dewulf EM, Sohet FM, Pachikian BD, Naslain D, De Backer F, Neyrinck AM, Delzenne NM. Gut microbiota fermentation of prebiotics increases satietogenic and incretin gut peptide production with consequences for appetite sensation and glucose response after a meal. Am J Clin Nutr 90: 1236‐1243, 2009. |
27. | Carbonero F, Benefiel AC, Alizadeh‐Ghamsari AH, Gaskins HR. Microbial pathways in colonic sulfur metabolism and links with health and disease. Front Physiol 3: 448, 2012. |
28. | Cekanaviciute E, Yoo BB, Runia TF, Debelius JW, Singh S, Nelson CA, Kanner R, Bencosme Y, Lee YK, Hauser SL, Crabtree‐Hartman E, Sand IK, Gacias M, Zhu Y, Casaccia P, Cree BAC, Knight R, Mazmanian SK, Baranzini SE. Gut bacteria from multiple sclerosis patients modulate human T cells and exacerbate symptoms in mouse models. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 114: 10713‐10718, 2017. |
29. | Clarke G, Grenham S, Scully P, Fitzgerald P, Moloney RD, Shanahan F, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. The microbiome‐gut‐brain axis during early life regulates the hippocampal serotonergic system in a sex‐dependent manner. Mol Psychiatry 18: 666‐673, 2013. |
30. | Clarke G, McKernan DP, Gaszner G, Quigley EM, Cryan JF, Dinan TG. A distinct profile of tryptophan metabolism along the kynurenine pathway downstream of toll‐like receptor activation in irritable bowel syndrome. Front Pharmacol 3: 90, 2012. |
31. | Cryan JF, Dinan TG. Mind‐altering microorganisms: The impact of the gut microbiota on brain and behaviour. Nat Rev Neurosci 13: 701‐712, 2012. |
32. | Cummings JH, Pomare EW, Branch WJ, Naylor CP, Macfarlane GT. Short chain fatty acids in human large intestine, portal, hepatic and venous blood. Gut 28: 1221‐1227, 1987. |
33. | Da Silva S, Robbe‐Masselot C, Ait‐Belgnaoui A, Mancuso A, Mercade‐Loubiere M, Salvador‐Cartier C, Gillet M, Ferrier L, Loubiere P, Dague E, Theodorou V, Mercier‐Bonin M. Stress disrupts intestinal mucus barrier in rats via mucin O‐glycosylation shift: Prevention by a probiotic treatment. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 307: G420‐G429, 2014. |
34. | Damms‐Machado A, Mitra S, Schollenberger AE, Kramer KM, Meile T, Konigsrainer A, Huson DH, Bischoff SC. Effects of surgical and dietary weight loss therapy for obesity on gut microbiota composition and nutrient absorption. Biomed Res Int 2015: 806248, 2015. |
35. | de Aguiar Vallim TQ, Tarling EJ, Edwards PA. Pleiotropic roles of bile acids in metabolism. Cell Metab 17: 657‐669, 2013. |
36. | de Lartigue G, de La Serre CB, Raybould HE. Vagal afferent neurons in high fat diet‐induced obesity; intestinal microflora, gut inflammation and cholecystokinin. Physiol Behav 105: 100‐105, 2011. |
37. | Deaver JA, Eum SY, Toborek M. Circadian disruption changes gut microbiome taxa and functional gene composition. Front Microbiol 9: 737, 2018. |
38. | Demaude J, Salvador‐Cartier C, Fioramonti J, Ferrier L, Bueno L. Phenotypic changes in colonocytes following acute stress or activation of mast cells in mice: Implications for delayed epithelial barrier dysfunction. Gut 55: 655‐661, 2006. |
39. | Desai MS, Seekatz AM, Koropatkin NM, Kamada N, Hickey CA, Wolter M, Pudlo NA, Kitamoto S, Terrapon N, Muller A, Young VB, Henrissat B, Wilmes P, Stappenbeck TS, Nunez G, Martens EC. A dietary fiber‐deprived gut microbiota degrades the colonic mucus barrier and enhances pathogen susceptibility. Cell 167: 1339‐1353.e21, 2016. |
40. | Diaz HR. Fetal, neonatal, and infant microbiome: Perturbations and subsequent effects on brain development and behavior. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med 21: 410‐417, 2016. |
41. | Erny D, Hrabe de Angelis AL, Jaitin D, Wieghofer P, Staszewski O, David E, Keren‐Shaul H, Mahlakoiv T, Jakobshagen K, Buch T, Schwierzeck V, Utermohlen O, Chun E, Garrett WS, McCoy KD, Diefenbach A, Staeheli P, Stecher B, Amit I, Prinz M. Host microbiota constantly control maturation and function of microglia in the CNS. Nat Neurosci 18: 965‐977, 2015. |
42. | Evans SJ, Bassis CM, Hein R, Assari S, Flowers SA, Kelly MB, Young VB, Ellingrod VE, McInnis MG. The gut microbiome composition associates with bipolar disorder and illness severity. J Psychiatr Res 87: 23‐29, 2017. |
43. | Everard A, Lazarevic V, Derrien M, Girard M, Muccioli GG, Neyrinck AM, Possemiers S, Van Holle A, Francois P, de Vos WM, Delzenne NM, Schrenzel J, Cani PD. Responses of gut microbiota and glucose and lipid metabolism to prebiotics in genetic obese and diet‐induced leptin‐resistant mice. Diabetes 60: 2775‐2786, 2011. |
44. | Falony G, Joossens M, Vieira‐Silva S, Wang J, Darzi Y, Faust K, Kurilshikov A, Bonder MJ, Valles‐Colomer M, Vandeputte D, Tito RY, Chaffron S, Rymenans L, Verspecht C, De Sutter L, Lima‐Mendez G, D'Hoe K, Jonckheere K, Homola D, Garcia R, Tigchelaar EF, Eeckhaudt L, Fu J, Henckaerts L, Zhernakova A, Wijmenga C, Raes J. Population‐level analysis of gut microbiome variation. Science 352: 560‐564, 2016. |
45. | Fasano A, Visanji NP, Liu LWC, Lang AE, Pfeiffer RF. Gastrointestinal dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Lancet Neurol 14: 625‐639, 2015. |
46. | Fernandez‐Real JM, Serino M, Blasco G, Puig J, Daunis‐i‐Estadella J, Ricart W, Burcelin R, Fernandez‐Aranda F, Portero‐Otin M. Gut microbiota interacts with brain microstructure and function. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 100: 4505‐4513, 2015. |
47. | Freestone P. Communication between bacteria and their hosts. Scientifica (Cairo) 2013: 361073, 2013. |
48. | Frost G, Sleeth ML, Sahuri‐Arisoylu M, Lizarbe B, Cerdan S, Brody L, Anastasovska J, Ghourab S, Hankir M, Zhang S, Carling D, Swann JR, Gibson G, Viardot A, Morrison D, Louise Thomas E, Bell JD. The short‐chain fatty acid acetate reduces appetite via a central homeostatic mechanism. Nat Commun 5: 3611, 2014. |
49. | Fu L, John LM, Adams SH, Yu XX, Tomlinson E, Renz M, Williams PM, Soriano R, Corpuz R, Moffat B, Vandlen R, Simmons L, Foster J, Stephan JP, Tsai SP, Stewart TA. Fibroblast growth factor 19 increases metabolic rate and reverses dietary and leptin‐deficient diabetes. Endocrinology 145: 2594‐2603, 2004. |
50. | Fung TC, Olson CA, Hsiao EY. Interactions between the microbiota, immune and nervous systems in health and disease. Nat Neurosci 20: 145‐155, 2017. |
51. | Furet JP, Kong LC, Tap J, Poitou C, Basdevant A, Bouillot JL, Mariat D, Corthier G, Dore J, Henegar C, Rizkalla S, Clement K. Differential adaptation of human gut microbiota to bariatric surgery‐induced weight loss: Links with metabolic and low‐grade inflammation markers. Diabetes 59: 3049‐3057, 2010. |
52. | Furness JB, Rivera LR, Cho HJ, Bravo DM, Callaghan B. The gut as a sensory organ. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 10: 729‐740, 2013. |
53. | Galley JD, Nelson MC, Yu ZT, Dowd SE, Walter J, Kumar PS, Lyte M, Bailey MT. Exposure to a social stressor disrupts the community structure of the colonic mucosa‐associated microbiota. BMC Microbiol 14: 189‐201, 2014. |
54. | Gargari G, Taverniti V, Gardana C, Cremon C, Canducci F, Pagano I, Barbaro MR, Bellacosa L, Castellazzi AM, Valsecchi C, Tagliacarne SC, Bellini M, Bertani L, Gambaccini D, Marchi S, Cicala M, Germana B, Dal Pont E, Vecchi M, Ogliari C, Fiore W, Stanghellini V, Barbara G, Guglielmetti S. Fecal Clostridiales distribution and short‐chain fatty acids reflect bowel habits in irritable bowel syndrome. Environ Microbiol 20 (9): 3201‐3213, 2018. |
55. | Giil LM, Midttun O, Refsum H, Ulvik A, Advani R, Smith AD, Ueland PM. Kynurenine pathway metabolites in Alzheimer's disease. J Alzheimers Dis 60: 495‐504, 2017. |
56. | Graessler J, Qin Y, Zhong H, Zhang J, Licinio J, Wong ML, Xu A, Chavakis T, Bornstein AB, Ehrhart‐Bornstein M, Lamounier‐Zepter V, Lohmann T, Wolf T, Bornstein SR. Metagenomic sequencing of the human gut microbiome before and after bariatric surgery in obese patients with type 2 diabetes: Correlation with inflammatory and metabolic parameters. Pharmacogenomics J 13: 514‐522, 2013. |
57. | Gunawardene AR, Corfe BM, Staton CA. Classification and functions of enteroendocrine cells of the lower gastrointestinal tract. Int J Exp Pathol 92: 219‐231, 2011. |
58. | Haghikia A, Jorg S, Duscha A, Berg J, Manzel A, Waschbisch A, Hammer A, Lee DH, May C, Wilck N, Balogh A, Ostermann AI, Schebb NH, Akkad DA, Grohme DA, Kleinewietfeld M, Kempa S, Thone J, Demir S, Muller DN, Gold R, Linker RA. Dietary fatty acids directly impact central nervous system autoimmunity via the small intestine. Immunity 43: 817‐829, 2015. |
59. | Halkjaer SI, Christensen AH, Lo BZS, Browne PD, Gunther S, Hansen LH, Petersen AM. Faecal microbiota transplantation alters gut microbiota in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: Results from a randomised, double‐blind placebo‐controlled study. Gut 67 (12): 2107‐2115, 2018. |
60. | Hata T, Asano Y, Yoshihara K, Kimura‐Todani T, Miyata N, Zhang XT, Takakura S, Aiba Y, Koga Y, Sudo N. Regulation of gut luminal serotonin by commensal microbiota in mice. PLoS One 12: e0180745, 2017. |
61. | Holzer P, Farzi A. Neuropeptides and the microbiota‐gut‐brain axis. Adv Exp Med Biol 817: 195‐219, 2014. |
62. | Hooper LV, Wong MH, Thelin A, Hansson L, Falk PG, Gordon JI. Molecular analysis of commensal host‐microbial relationships in the intestine. Science 291: 881‐884, 2001. |
63. | Hsuchou H, Pan W, Kastin AJ. Fibroblast growth factor 19 entry into brain. Fluids Barriers CNS 10: 32, 2013. |
64. | Huang C, Wang J, Hu W, Wang C, Lu X, Tong L, Wu F, Zhang W. Identification of functional farnesoid X receptors in brain neurons. FEBS Lett 590: 3233‐3242, 2016. |
65. | Ishaque SM, Khosruzzaman SM, Ahmed DS, Sah MP. A randomized placebo‐controlled clinical trial of a multi‐strain probiotic formulation (Bio‐Kult(R)) in the management of diarrhea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome. BMC Gastroenterol 18: 71, 2018. |
66. | Ivanov II, Atarashi K, Manel N, Brodie EL, Shima T, Karaoz U, Wei D, Goldfarb KC, Santee CA, Lynch SV, Tanoue T, Imaoka A, Itoh K, Takeda K, Umesaki Y, Honda K, Littman DR. Induction of intestinal Th17 cells by segmented filamentous bacteria. Cell 139: 485‐498, 2009. |
67. | Jacobs JP, Lackner JM, Lagishetty V, Gudleski GD, Firth RS, Tillisch K, Naliboff BD, Labus JS, Mayer EA. 915 – Intestinal microbiota predict response to cognitive behavioral therapy for irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 154: S‐181, 2018. |
68. | Janssen S, Laermans J, Verhulst PJ, Thijs T, Tack J, Depoortere I. Bitter taste receptors and alpha‐gustducin regulate the secretion of ghrelin with functional effects on food intake and gastric emptying. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108: 2094‐2099, 2011. |
69. | Jeffery IB, O'Toole PW, Ohman L, Claesson MJ, Deane J, Quigley EM, Simren M. An irritable bowel syndrome subtype defined by species‐specific alterations in faecal microbiota. Gut 61: 997‐1006, 2012. |
70. | Jiang H, Ling Z, Zhang Y, Mao H, Ma Z, Yin Y, Wang W, Tang W, Tan Z, Shi J, Li L, Ruan B. Altered fecal microbiota composition in patients with major depressive disorder. Brain Behav Immun 48: 186‐194, 2015. |
71. | Johansson ME, Larsson JM, Hansson GC. The two mucus layers of colon are organized by the MUC2 mucin, whereas the outer layer is a legislator of host‐microbial interactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108 (Suppl 1): 4659‐4665, 2011. |
72. | Kazemi A, Noorbala AA, Azam K, Eskandari MH, Djafarian K. Effect of probiotic and prebiotic vs placebo on psychological outcomes in patients with major depressive disorder: A randomized clinical trial. Clin Nutr 38 (2): 522‐528, 2018. |
73. | Keely SJ, Walters JR. The farnesoid X receptor: Good for BAD. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2: 725‐732, 2016. |
74. | Keita AV, Soderholm JD. The intestinal barrier and its regulation by neuroimmune factors. Neurogastroenterol Motil 22: 718‐733, 2010. |
75. | Keitel V, Gorg B, Bidmon HJ, Zemtsova I, Spomer L, Zilles K, Haussinger D. The bile acid receptor TGR5 (Gpbar‐1) acts as a neurosteroid receptor in brain. Glia 58: 1794‐1805, 2010. |
76. | Kelly JR, Allen AP, Temko A, Hutch W, Kennedy PJ, Farid N, Murphy E, Boylan G, Bienenstock J, Cryan JF, Clarke G, Dinan TG. Lost in translation? The potential psychobiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus (JB‐1) fails to modulate stress or cognitive performance in healthy male subjects. Brain Behav Immun 61: 50‐59, 2017. |
77. | Kelly JR, Borre Y, O'Brien C, Patterson E, El Aidy S, Deane J, Kennedy PJ, Beers S, Scott K, Moloney G, Hoban AE, Scott L, Fitzgerald P, Ross P, Stanton C, Clarke G, Cryan JF, Dinan TG. Transferring the blues: Depression‐associated gut microbiota induces neurobehavioural changes in the rat. J Psychiatr Res 82: 109‐118, 2016. |
78. | Kelly JR, Kennedy PJ, Cryan JF, Dinan TG, Clarke G, Hyland NP. Breaking down the barriers: The gut microbiome, intestinal permeability and stress‐related psychiatric disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 9: 392, 2015. |
79. | Khanijow V, Prakash P, Emsellem HA, Borum ML, Doman DB. Sleep dysfunction and gastrointestinal diseases. Gastroenterol Hepatol (NY) 11: 817‐825, 2015. |
80. | Kidd M, Gustafsson BI, Drozdov I, Modlin IM. IL1beta‐ and LPS‐induced serotonin secretion is increased in EC cells derived from Crohn's disease. Neurogastroenterol Motil 21: 439‐450, 2009. |
81. | Kleinridders A, Cai W, Cappellucci L, Ghazarian A, Collins WR, Vienberg SG, Pothos EN, Kahn CR. Insulin resistance in brain alters dopamine turnover and causes behavioral disorders. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112: 3463‐3468, 2015. |
82. | Knowles SR, Nelson EA, Palombo EA. Investigating the role of perceived stress on bacterial flora activity and salivary cortisol secretion: A possible mechanism underlying susceptibility to illness. Biol Psychol 77: 132‐137, 2008. |
83. | Koh A, De Vadder F, Kovatcheva‐Datchary P, Backhed F. From dietary fiber to host physiology: Short‐chain fatty acids as key bacterial metabolites. Cell 165: 1332‐1345, 2016. |
84. | Konturek PC, Brzozowski T, Konturek SJ. Gut clock: Implication of circadian rhythms in the gastrointestinal tract. J Physiol Pharmacol 62: 139‐150, 2011. |
85. | Kucharzik T, Lugering N, Rautenberg K, Lugering A, Schmidt MA, Stoll R, Domschke W. Role of M cells in intestinal barrier function. Ann NY Acad Sci 915: 171‐183, 2000. |
86. | Kurokawa S, Kishimoto T, Mizuno S, Masaoka T, Naganuma M, Liang KC, Kitazawa M, Nakashima M, Shindo C, Suda W, Hattori M, Kanai T, Mimura M. The effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on psychiatric symptoms among patients with irritable bowel syndrome, functional diarrhea and functional constipation: An open‐label observational study. J Affect Disord 235: 506‐512, 2018. |
87. | Labus JS, Hollister EB, Jacobs J, Kirbach K, Oezguen N, Gupta A, Acosta J, Luna RA, Aagaard K, Versalovic J, Savidge T, Hsiao E, Tillisch K, Mayer EA. Differences in gut microbial composition correlate with regional brain volumes in irritable bowel syndrome. Microbiome 5: 49, 2017. |
88. | Lackner JM, Jaccard J, Keefer L, Brenner DM, Firth RS, Gudleski GD, Hamilton FA, Katz LA, Krasner SS, Ma CX, Radziwon CD, Sitrin MD. Improvement in gastrointestinal symptoms after cognitive behavior therapy for refractory irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 155: 47‐57, 2018. |
89. | Larraufie P, Dore J, Lapaque N, Blottiere HM. TLR ligands and butyrate increase Pyy expression through two distinct but inter‐regulated pathways. Cell Microbiol 19: 1–9, e12648, 2017. DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12648. |
90. | Latorre R, Sternini C, De Giorgio R, Greenwood‐Van MB. Enteroendocrine cells: A review of their role in brain‐gut communication. Neurogastroenterol Motil 28: 620‐630, 2016. |
91. | Lauffer A, Vanuytsel T, Vanormelingen C, Vanheel H, Salim Rasoel S, Toth J, Tack J, Fornari F, Farre R. Subacute stress and chronic stress interact to decrease intestinal barrier function in rats. Stress 19: 225‐234, 2016. |
92. | Leclercq S, Matamoros S, Cani PD, Neyrinck AM, Jamar F, Starkel P, Windey K, Tremaroli V, Backhed F, Verbeke K, de Timary P, Delzenne NM. Intestinal permeability, gut‐bacterial dysbiosis, and behavioral markers of alcohol‐dependence severity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 111: E4485‐E4493, 2014. |
93. | Lee HS, Lee JS, Woo GW, Yoon JH, Kim CY. Recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after spontaneous regression. J Gastroenterol 35: 552‐556, 2000. |
94. | Lee YT, Turcotte DL, Holliday JR, Sachs MK, Rundle JB, Chen CC, Tiampo KF. Results of the Regional Earthquake Likelihood Models (RELM) test of earthquake forecasts in California. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108: 16533‐16538, 2011. |
95. | Lewis SJ, Heaton KW. Stool form scale as a useful guide to intestinal transit time. Scand J Gastroenterol 32: 920‐924, 1997. |
96. | Lin HV, Frassetto A, Kowalik EJ Jr, Nawrocki AR, Lu MM, Kosinski JR, Hubert JA, Szeto D, Yao X, Forrest G, Marsh DJ. Butyrate and propionate protect against diet‐induced obesity and regulate gut hormones via free fatty acid receptor 3‐independent mechanisms. PLoS One 7: e35240, 2012. |
97. | Liou AP, Paziuk M, Luevano JM Jr, Machineni S, Turnbaugh PJ, Kaplan LM. Conserved shifts in the gut microbiota due to gastric bypass reduce host weight and adiposity. Sci Transl Med 5: 178ra141, 2013. |
98. | Lloyd‐Price J, Abu‐Ali G, Huttenhower C. The healthy human microbiome. Genome Med 8: 51, 2016. |
99. | Macfarlane S, Dillon JF. Microbial biofilms in the human gastrointestinal tract. J Appl Microbiol 102: 1187‐1196, 2007. |
100. | Mao YK, Kasper DL, Wang B, Forsythe P, Bienenstock J, Kunze WA. Bacteroides fragilis polysaccharide A is necessary and sufficient for acute activation of intestinal sensory neurons. Nat Commun 4: 1465, 2013. |
101. | Marcelin G, Jo YH, Li X, Schwartz GJ, Zhang Y, Dun NJ, Lyu RM, Blouet C, Chang JK, Chua S Jr. Central action of FGF19 reduces hypothalamic AGRP/NPY neuron activity and improves glucose metabolism. Mol Metab 3: 19‐28, 2014. |
102. | Martin CR, Osadchiy V, Kalani A, Mayer EA. The brain‐gut‐microbiome axis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 6: 133‐148, 2018. |
103. | Mayer EA. Gut feelings: The emerging biology of gut‐brain communication. Nat Rev Neurosci 12: 453‐466, 2011. |
104. | McKean J, Naug H, Nikbakht E, Amiet B, Colson N. Probiotics and subclinical psychological symptoms in healthy participants: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. J Altern Complement Med 23: 249‐258, 2017. |
105. | McNulty NP, Yatsunenko T, Hsiao A, Faith JJ, Muegge BD, Goodman AL, Henrissat B, Oozeer R, Cools‐Portier S, Gobert G, Chervaux C, Knights D, Lozupone CA, Knight R, Duncan AE, Bain JR, Muehlbauer MJ, Newgard CB, Heath AC, Gordon JI. The impact of a consortium of fermented milk strains on the gut microbiome of gnotobiotic mice and monozygotic twins. Sci Transl Med 3: 1–16, 106ra106, 2011. DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3002701. |
106. | Meddings JB, Swain MG. Environmental stress‐induced gastrointestinal permeability is mediated by endogenous glucocorticoids in the rat. Gastroenterology 119: 1019‐1028, 2000. |
107. | Mertsalmi TH, Aho VTE, Pereira PAB, Paulin L, Pekkonen E, Auvinen P, Scheperjans F. More than constipation – bowel symptoms in Parkinson's disease and their connection to gut microbiota. Eur J Neurol 24: 1375‐1383, 2017. |
108. | Messaoudi M, Lalonde R, Violle N, Javelot H, Desor D, Nejdi A, Bisson JF, Rougeot C, Pichelin M, Cazaubiel M, Cazaubiel JM. Assessment of psychotropic‐like properties of a probiotic formulation (Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175) in rats and human subjects. Br J Nutr 105: 755‐764, 2011. |
109. | Messaoudi M, Violle N, Bisson JF, Desor D, Javelot H, Rougeot C. Beneficial psychological effects of a probiotic formulation (Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175) in healthy human volunteers. Gut Microbes 2: 256‐261, 2011. |
110. | Meyer C, Vassar M. The fragility of probiotic Bifidobacterium longum NCC3001 use for depression in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 154 (3): 764, 2018. |
111. | Michel L, Prat A. One more role for the gut: Microbiota and blood brain barrier. Ann Transl Med 4: 15, 2016. |
112. | Minuk GY. gamma‐Aminobutyric‐acid (GABA) production by 8 common bacterial pathogens. Scand J Infect Dis 18: 465‐467, 1986. |
113. | Morton GJ, Kaiyala KJ, Foster‐Schubert KE, Cummings DE, Schwartz MW. Carbohydrate feeding dissociates the postprandial FGF19 response from circulating bile acid levels in humans. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99: E241‐E245, 2014. |
114. | Naseribafrouei A, Hestad K, Avershina E, Sekelja M, Linlokken A, Wilson R, Rudi K. Correlation between the human fecal microbiota and depression. Neurogastroent Motil 26: 1155‐1162, 2014. |
115. | Ng QX, Peters C, Ho CYX, Lim DY, Yeo WS. A meta‐analysis of the use of probiotics to alleviate depressive symptoms. J Affect Disord 228: 13‐19, 2018. |
116. | Nohr MK, Egerod KL, Christiansen SH, Gille A, Offermanns S, Schwartz TW, Moller M. Expression of the short chain fatty acid receptor GPR41/FFAR3 in autonomic and somatic sensory ganglia. Neuroscience 290: 126‐137, 2015. |
117. | Ochoa‐Reparaz J, Mielcarz DW, Ditrio LE, Burroughs AR, Begum‐Haque S, Dasgupta S, Kasper DL, Kasper LH. Central nervous system demyelinating disease protection by the human commensal Bacteroides fragilis depends on polysaccharide A expression. J Immunol 185: 4101‐4108, 2010. |
118. | Ochoa‐Reparaz J, Mielcarz DW, Ditrio LE, Burroughs AR, Foureau DM, Haque‐Begum S, Kasper LH. Role of gut commensal microflora in the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Immunol 183: 6041‐6050, 2009. |
119. | Osadchiy V, Labus JS, Gupta A, Jacobs J, Ashe‐McNalley C, Hsiao EY, Mayer EA. Correlation of tryptophan metabolites with connectivity of extended central reward network in healthy subjects. PLoS One 13: e0201772, 2018. |
120. | Osadchiy V, Martin CR, Mayer EA. The gut‐brain axis and the microbiome: Mechanisms and clinical implications. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 17 (2): 322‐332, 2018. |
121. | Ozogul F. Effects of specific lactic acid bacteria species on biogenic amine production by foodborne pathogen. Int J Food Sci Tech 46: 478‐484, 2011. |
122. | Pal VK, Bandyopadhyay P, Singh A. Hydrogen sulfide in physiology and pathogenesis of bacteria and viruses. IUBMB Life 70: 393‐410, 2018. |
123. | Palazzo M, Balsari A, Rossini A, Selleri S, Calcaterra C, Gariboldi S, Zanobbio L, Arnaboldi F, Shirai YF, Serrao G, Rumio C. Activation of enteroendocrine cells via TLRs induces hormone, chemokine, and defensin secretion. J Immunol 178: 4296‐4303, 2007. |
124. | Palmer C, Bik EM, DiGiulio DB, Relman DA, Brown PO. Development of the human infant intestinal microbiota. PLoS Biol 5: e177, 2007. |
125. | Park AJ, Collins J, Blennerhassett PA, Ghia JE, Verdu EF, Bercik P, Collins SM. Altered colonic function and microbiota profile in a mouse model of chronic depression. Neurogastroenterol Motil 25: 733‐e575, 2013. |
126. | Pedram P, Wadden D, Amini P, Gulliver W, Randell E, Cahill F, Vasdev S, Goodridge A, Carter JC, Zhai G, Ji Y, Sun G. Food addiction: Its prevalence and significant association with obesity in the general population. PLoS One 8: e74832, 2013. |
127. | Peng L, Li ZR, Green RS, Holzman IR, Lin J. Butyrate enhances the intestinal barrier by facilitating tight junction assembly via activation of AMP‐activated protein kinase in Caco‐2 cell monolayers. J Nutr 139: 1619‐1625, 2009. |
128. | Perry RJ, Lee S, Ma L, Zhang D, Schlessinger J, Shulman GI. FGF1 and FGF19 reverse diabetes by suppression of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis. Nat Commun 6: 6980, 2015. |
129. | Perry RJ, Peng L, Barry NA, Cline GW, Zhang D, Cardone RL, Petersen KF, Kibbey RG, Goodman AL, Shulman GI. Acetate mediates a microbiome‐brain‐beta‐cell axis to promote metabolic syndrome. Nature 534: 213‐217, 2016. |
130. | Pinto‐Sanchez MI, Hall GB, Ghajar K, Nardelli A, Bolino C, Lau JT, Martin FP, Cominetti O, Welsh C, Rieder A, Traynor J, Gregory C, De Palma G, Pigrau M, Ford AC, Macri J, Berger B, Bergonzelli G, Surette MG, Collins SM, Moayyedi P, Bercik P. Probiotic Bifidobacterium longum NCC3001 reduces depression scores and alters brain activity: A pilot study in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 153: 448.e448‐459.e448, 2017. |
131. | Rajilic‐Stojanovic M, Heilig HG, Tims S, Zoetendal EG, de Vos WM. Long‐term monitoring of the human intestinal microbiota composition.a Environ Microbiol 15 (4): 1146‐1159, 2012. |
132. | Rakoff‐Nahoum S, Paglino J, Eslami‐Varzaneh F, Edberg S, Medzhitov R. Recognition of commensal microflora by toll‐like receptors is required for intestinal homeostasis. Cell 118: 229‐241, 2004. |
133. | Raybould HE. Gut chemosensing: Interactions between gut endocrine cells and visceral afferents. Auton Neurosci 153: 41‐46, 2010. |
134. | Reigstad CS, Salmonson CE, Rainey JF III, Szurszewski JH, Linden DR, Sonnenburg JL, Farrugia G, Kashyap PC. Gut microbes promote colonic serotonin production through an effect of short‐chain fatty acids on enterochromaffin cells. FASEB J 29: 1395‐1403, 2015. |
135. | Rhee SH, Pothoulakis C, Mayer EA. Principles and clinical implications of the brain‐gut‐enteric microbiota axis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 6: 306‐314, 2009. |
136. | Round JL, Lee SM, Li J, Tran G, Jabri B, Chatila TA, Mazmanian SK. The toll‐like receptor 2 pathway establishes colonization by a commensal of the human microbiota. Science 332: 974‐977, 2011. |
137. | Rubio CA, Huang CB. Quantification of the sulphomucin‐producing cell population of the colonic mucosa during protracted stress in rats. In Vivo 6: 81‐84, 1992. |
138. | Ruddick JP, Evans AK, Nutt DJ, Lightman SL, Rook GA, Lowry CA. Tryptophan metabolism in the central nervous system: Medical implications. Expert Rev Mol Med 8: 1‐27, 2006. |
139. | Russell WR, Gratz SW, Duncan SH, Holtrop G, Ince J, Scobbie L, Duncan G, Johnstone AM, Lobley GE, Wallace RJ, Duthie GG, Flint HJ. High‐protein, reduced‐carbohydrate weight‐loss diets promote metabolite profiles likely to be detrimental to colonic health. Am J Clin Nutr 93: 1062‐1072, 2011. |
140. | Ryan KK, Kohli R, Gutierrez‐Aguilar R, Gaitonde SG, Woods SC, Seeley RJ. Fibroblast growth factor‐19 action in the brain reduces food intake and body weight and improves glucose tolerance in male rats. Endocrinology 154: 9‐15, 2013. |
141. | Saad RJ, Rao SS, Koch KL, Kuo B, Parkman HP, McCallum RW, Sitrin MD, Wilding GE, Semler JR, Chey WD. Do stool form and frequency correlate with whole‐gut and colonic transit? Results from a multicenter study in constipated individuals and healthy controls. Am J Gastroenterol 105: 403‐411, 2010. |
142. | Sampson TR, Debelius JW, Thron T, Janssen S, Shastri GG, Ilhan ZE, Challis C, Schretter CE, Rocha S, Gradinaru V, Chesselet MF, Keshavarzian A, Shannon KM, Krajmalnik‐Brown R, Wittung‐Stafshede P, Knight R, Mazmanian SK. Gut microbiota regulate motor deficits and neuroinflammation in a model of Parkinson's disease. Cell 167: 1469.e1412‐1480.e1412, 2016. |
143. | Samuel BS, Shaito A, Motoike T, Rey FE, Backhed F, Manchester JK, Hammer RE, Williams SC, Crowley J, Yanagisawa M, Gordon JI. Effects of the gut microbiota on host adiposity are modulated by the short‐chain fatty‐acid binding G protein‐coupled receptor, Gpr41. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105: 16767‐16772, 2008. |
144. | Santos J, Yang PC, Soderholm JD, Benjamin M, Perdue MH. Role of mast cells in chronic stress induced colonic epithelial barrier dysfunction in the rat. Gut 48: 630‐636, 2001. |
145. | Saras J, Gronberg M, Stridsberg M, Oberg KE, Janson ET. Somatostatin induces rapid contraction of neuroendocrine cells. FEBS Lett 581: 1957‐1962, 2007. |
146. | Saunders PR, Santos J, Hanssen NP, Yates D, Groot JA, Perdue MH. Physical and psychological stress in rats enhances colonic epithelial permeability via peripheral CRH. Dig Dis Sci 47: 208‐215, 2002. |
147. | Scheperjans F, Aho V, Pereira PA, Koskinen K, Paulin L, Pekkonen E, Haapaniemi E, Kaakkola S, Eerola‐Rautio J, Pohja M, Kinnunen E, Murros K, Auvinen P. Gut microbiota are related to Parkinson's disease and clinical phenotype. Mov Disord 30: 350‐358, 2015. |
148. | Schwarcz R, Bruno JP, Muchowski PJ, Wu HQ. Kynurenines in the mammalian brain: When physiology meets pathology. Nat Rev Neurosci 13: 465‐477, 2012. |
149. | Shishov VA, Kirovskaya TA, Kudrin VS, Oleskin AV. Amine neuromediators, their precursors, and oxidation products in the culture of Escherichia coli K‐12. Appl Biochem Micro 45: 494‐497, 2009. |
150. | Simren M, Barbara G, Flint HJ, Spiegel BM, Spiller RC, Vanner S, Verdu EF, Whorwell PJ, Zoetendal EG, Rome Foundation C. Intestinal microbiota in functional bowel disorders: A Rome foundation report. Gut 62: 159‐176, 2013. |
151. | Singh SB, Lin HC. Hydrogen sulfide in physiology and diseases of the digestive tract. Microorganisms 3: 866‐889, 2015. |
152. | Singh V, Roth S, Llovera G, Sadler R, Garzetti D, Stecher B, Dichgans M, Liesz A. Microbiota dysbiosis controls the neuroinflammatory response after stroke. J Neurosci 36: 7428‐7440, 2016. |
153. | Slykerman RF, Hood F, Wickens K, Thompson JMD, Barthow C, Murphy R, Kang J, Rowden J, Stone P, Crane J, Stanley T, Abels P, Purdie G, Maude R, Mitchell EA, Probiotic in Pregnancy Study G. Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 in pregnancy on postpartum symptoms of depression and anxiety: A randomised double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial. EBioMedicine 24: 159‐165, 2017. |
154. | Soderholm JD, Yang PC, Ceponis P, Vohra A, Riddell R, Sherman PM, Perdue MH. Chronic stress induces mast cell‐dependent bacterial adherence and initiates mucosal inflammation in rat intestine. Gastroenterology 123: 1099‐1108, 2002. |
155. | Sokol H, Pigneur B, Watterlot L, Lakhdari O, Bermudez‐Humaran LG, Gratadoux JJ, Blugeon S, Bridonneau C, Furet JP, Corthier G, Grangette C, Vasquez N, Pochart P, Trugnan G, Thomas G, Blottiere HM, Dore J, Marteau P, Seksik P, Langella P. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is an anti‐inflammatory commensal bacterium identified by gut microbiota analysis of Crohn disease patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105: 16731‐16736, 2008. |
156. | Son JS, Zheng LJ, Rowehl LM, Tian X, Zhang Y, Zhu W, Litcher‐Kelly L, Gadow KD, Gathungu G, Robertson CE, Ir D, Frank DN, Li E. Comparison of fecal microbiota in children with autism spectrum disorders and neurotypical siblings in the simons simplex collection. PLoS One 10: e0137725, 2015. |
157. | Soto M, Herzog C, Pacheco JA, Fujisaka S, Bullock K, Clish CB, Kahn CR. Gut microbiota modulate neurobehavior through changes in brain insulin sensitivity and metabolism. Mol Psychiatry 23 (12): 2287‐2301, 2018. |
158. | Sowell ER, Peterson BS, Thompson PM, Welcome SE, Henkenius AL, Toga AW. Mapping cortical change across the human life span. Nat Neurosci 6: 309‐315, 2003. |
159. | Sporns O. The human connectome: Origins and challenges. Neuroimage 80: 53‐61, 2013. |
160. | Stavrum AK, Heiland I, Schuster S, Puntervoll P, Ziegler M. Model of tryptophan metabolism, readily scalable using tissue‐specific gene expression data. J Biol Chem 288: 34555‐34566, 2013. |
161. | Steenbergen L, Sellaro R, van Hemert S, Bosch JA, Colzato LS. A randomized controlled trial to test the effect of multispecies probiotics on cognitive reactivity to sad mood. Brain Behav Immun 48: 258‐264, 2015. |
162. | Tannock GW, Savage DC. Influences of dietary and environmental stress on microbial populations in the murine gastrointestinal tract. Infect Immun 9: 591‐598, 1974. |
163. | Tap J, Derrien M, Tornblom H, Brazeilles R, Cools‐Portier S, Dore J, Storsrud S, Le Neve B, Ohman L, Simren M. Identification of an intestinal microbiota signature associated with severity of irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 152: 111‐123.e8, 2017. |
164. | Thomas C, Gioiello A, Noriega L, Strehle A, Oury J, Rizzo G, Macchiarulo A, Yamamoto H, Mataki C, Pruzanski M, Pellicciari R, Auwerx J, Schoonjans K. TGR5‐mediated bile acid sensing controls glucose homeostasis. Cell Metab 10: 167‐177, 2009. |
165. | Tillisch K, Labus J, Kilpatrick L, Jiang Z, Stains J, Ebrat B, Guyonnet D, Legrain‐Raspaud S, Trotin B, Naliboff B, Mayer EA. Consumption of fermented milk product with probiotic modulates brain activity. Gastroenterology 144: 1394‐1401, 1401.e1391‐1394, 2013. |
166. | Tillisch K, Mayer EA, Gupta A, Gill Z, Brazeilles R, Le Neve B, van Hylckama Vlieg JET, Guyonnet D, Derrien M, Labus JS. Brain structure and response to emotional stimuli as related to gut microbial profiles in healthy women. Psychosom Med 79: 905‐913, 2017. |
167. | Tolhurst G, Heffron H, Lam YS, Parker HE, Habib AM, Diakogiannaki E, Cameron J, Grosse J, Reimann F, Gribble FM. Short‐chain fatty acids stimulate glucagon‐like peptide‐1 secretion via the G‐protein‐coupled receptor FFAR2. Diabetes 61: 364‐371, 2012. |
168. | Tomlinson E, Fu L, John L, Hultgren B, Huang X, Renz M, Stephan JP, Tsai SP, Powell‐Braxton L, French D, Stewart TA. Transgenic mice expressing human fibroblast growth factor‐19 display increased metabolic rate and decreased adiposity. Endocrinology 143: 1741‐1747, 2002. |
169. | Topping DL, Clifton PM. Short‐chain fatty acids and human colonic function: Roles of resistant starch and nonstarch polysaccharides. Physiol Rev 81: 1031‐1064, 2001. |
170. | Tremaroli V, Karlsson F, Werling M, Stahlman M, Kovatcheva‐Datchary P, Olbers T, Fandriks L, le Roux CW, Nielsen J, Backhed F. Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass and vertical banded gastroplasty induce long‐term changes on the human gut microbiome contributing to fat mass regulation. Cell Metab 22: 228‐238, 2015. |
171. | Turnbaugh PJ, Hamady M, Yatsunenko T, Cantarel BL, Duncan A, Ley RE, Sogin ML, Jones WJ, Roe BA, Affourtit JP, Egholm M, Henrissat B, Heath AC, Knight R, Gordon JI. A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins. Nature 457: 480‐484, 2009. |
172. | Turnbaugh PJ, Ley RE, Mahowald MA, Magrini V, Mardis ER, Gordon JI. An obesity‐associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest. Nature 444: 1027‐1031, 2006. |
173. | Unger MM, Spiegel J, Dillmann KU, Grundmann D, Philippeit H, Burmann J, Fassbender K, Schwiertz A, Schafer KH. Short chain fatty acids and gut microbiota differ between patients with Parkinson's disease and age‐matched controls. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 32: 66‐72, 2016. |
174. | Valladares R, Bojilova L, Potts AH, Cameron E, Gardner C, Lorca G, Gonzalez CF. Lactobacillus johnsonii inhibits indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase and alters tryptophan metabolite levels in BioBreeding rats. FASEB J 27: 1711‐1720, 2013. |
175. | van Bloemendaal L, Ten Kulve JS, la Fleur SE, Ijzerman RG, Diamant M. Effects of glucagon‐like peptide 1 on appetite and body weight: Focus on the CNS. J Endocrinol 221: T1‐T16, 2014. |
176. | Van Felius ID, Akkermans LM, Bosscha K, Verheem A, Harmsen W, Visser MR, Gooszen HG. Interdigestive small bowel motility and duodenal bacterial overgrowth in experimental acute pancreatitis. Neurogastroenterol Motil 15: 267‐276, 2003. |
177. | Vandeputte D, Falony G, Vieira‐Silva S, Tito RY, Joossens M, Raes J. Stool consistency is strongly associated with gut microbiota richness and composition, enterotypes and bacterial growth rates. Gut 65: 57‐62, 2016. |
178. | Vijay‐Kumar M, Aitken JD, Carvalho FA, Cullender TC, Mwangi S, Srinivasan S, Sitaraman SV, Knight R, Ley RE, Gewirtz AT. Metabolic syndrome and altered gut microbiota in mice lacking toll‐like receptor 5. Science 328: 228‐231, 2010. |
179. | Vogt NM, Kerby RL, Dill‐McFarland KA, Harding SJ, Merluzzi AP, Johnson SC, Carlsson CM, Asthana S, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Bendlin BB, Rey FE. Gut microbiome alterations in Alzheimer's disease. Sci Rep 7: 13537, 2017. |
180. | Vuong HE, Hsiao EY. Emerging roles for the gut microbiome in autism spectrum disorder. Biol Psychiatry 81: 411‐423, 2017. |
181. | Wahlstrom A, Sayin SI, Marschall HU, Backhed F. Intestinal crosstalk between bile acids and microbiota and its impact on host metabolism. Cell Metab 24: 41‐50, 2016. |
182. | Wang Y, Telesford KM, Ochoa‐Reparaz J, Haque‐Begum S, Christy M, Kasper EJ, Wang L, Wu Y, Robson SC, Kasper DL, Kasper LH. An intestinal commensal symbiosis factor controls neuroinflammation via TLR2‐mediated CD39 signalling. Nat Commun 5: 4432, 2014. |
183. | Wikoff WR, Anfora AT, Liu J, Schultz PG, Lesley SA, Peters EC, Siuzdak G. Metabolomics analysis reveals large effects of gut microflora on mammalian blood metabolites. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106: 3698‐3703, 2009. |
184. | Winek K, Engel O, Koduah P, Heimesaat MM, Fischer A, Bereswill S, Dames C, Kershaw O, Gruber AD, Curato C, Oyama N, Meisel C, Meisel A, Dirnagl U. Depletion of cultivatable gut microbiota by broad‐spectrum antibiotic pretreatment worsens outcome after murine stroke. Stroke 47: 1354‐1363, 2016. |
185. | Xiong YM, Miyamoto N, Shibata K, Valasek MA, Motoike T, Kedzierski RM, Yanagisawa M. Short‐chain fatty acids stimulate leptin production in adipocytes through the G protein‐coupled receptor GPR41. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 1045‐1050, 2004. |
186. | Yano JM, Yu K, Donaldson GP, Shastri GG, Ann P, Ma L, Nagler CR, Ismagilov RF, Mazmanian SK, Hsiao EY. Indigenous bacteria from the gut microbiota regulate host serotonin biosynthesis. Cell 161: 264‐276, 2015. |
187. | Zhang H, DiBaise JK, Zuccolo A, Kudrna D, Braidotti M, Yu Y, Parameswaran P, Crowell MD, Wing R, Rittmann BE, Krajmalnik‐Brown R. Human gut microbiota in obesity and after gastric bypass. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106: 2365‐2370, 2009. |
188. | Zheng P, Zeng B, Zhou C, Liu M, Fang Z, Xu X, Zeng L, Chen J, Fan S, Du X, Zhang X, Yang D, Yang Y, Meng H, Li W, Melgiri ND, Licinio J, Wei H, Xie P. Gut microbiome remodeling induces depressive‐like behaviors through a pathway mediated by the host's metabolism. Mol Psychiatry 21: 786‐796, 2016. |
189. | Zijlmans MA, Korpela K, Riksen‐Walraven JM, de Vos WM, de Weerth C. Maternal prenatal stress is associated with the infant intestinal microbiota. Psychoneuroendocrinology 53: 233‐245, 2015. |